{"data":{"text":"

通用技术必修二（高考版）

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模块一结构与设计（占比30%，高频考点）

","uid":"f053f49b-c1ad-4863-9616-a0154011943a","richText":true,"expand":true,"isActive":false},"children":[{"data":{"text":"

核心概念：结构（Structure，可承受荷载的物体构造）

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结构的受力类型

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拉力

","uid":"c4d03aa6-21cf-4717-8a24-5833e5fc8b3e","richText":true,"expand":true,"isActive":false},"children":[{"data":{"text":"

定义：构件受拉的外力

","uid":"c930c4fb-25a9-4299-bb39-050973612f38","richText":true,"expand":true,"isActive":false},"children":[{"data":{"text":"

常考案例：吊桥钢索受拉

","uid":"92c7e75e-a3f8-4371-9d99-94f103ddcc94","richText":true,"expand":true,"isActive":false},"children":[]}]}]},{"data":{"text":"

压力

","uid":"7b22725e-5366-44f9-ae71-150fd7b387b3","richText":true,"expand":true,"isActive":false},"children":[{"data":{"text":"

定义：构件受压的外力

","uid":"be3f3f4c-8dcf-4180-b892-1610710c3787","richText":true,"expand":true,"isActive":false},"children":[{"data":{"text":"

常考案例：桥墩承受竖向压力

","uid":"ddfc236b-aca6-4498-b6d4-4614d5a8f9ef","richText":true,"expand":true,"isActive":false},"children":[]}]}]},{"data":{"text":"

剪切力

","uid":"99dc999e-09fc-4c98-b041-48d893e8bab7","richText":true,"expand":true,"isActive":false},"children":[{"data":{"text":"

定义：构件受反向平行力的外力

","uid":"a4154773-eff9-4648-b037-687939a3f844","richText":true,"expand":true,"isActive":false},"children":[{"data":{"text":"

常考案例：剪刀剪纸张的受力

","uid":"7ae28645-9bfb-4f95-b0de-acde8c760413","richText":true,"expand":true,"isActive":false},"children":[]}]}]},{"data":{"text":"

扭转力

","uid":"d76dcb54-835c-4a98-bd34-23b92e0597f6","richText":true,"expand":true,"isActive":false},"children":[{"data":{"text":"

定义：构件受旋转方向的外力

","uid":"15b8aa9a-26bf-4984-bbbe-9cdc36126c8d","richText":true,"expand":true,"isActive":false},"children":[{"data":{"text":"

常考案例：拧螺丝刀时杆的受力

","uid":"267792cf-91fe-4915-8208-b91563dd3a65","richText":true,"expand":true,"isActive":false},"children":[]}]}]},{"data":{"text":"

弯曲力

","uid":"dc4f6bb3-a1fd-4092-845c-935f299fbe80","richText":true,"expand":true,"isActive":false},"children":[{"data":{"text":"

定义：构件受横向力产生弯曲的外力

","uid":"4048f035-d7d2-4374-a612-d5e10d46c368","richText":true,"expand":true,"isActive":false},"children":[{"data":{"text":"

常考案例：书架板放书后弯曲受力

","uid":"a17239d8-8a91-4854-a3b9-d76c18119231","richText":true,"expand":true,"isActive":false},"children":[]}]}]}]},{"data":{"text":"

结构的基本类型

","uid":"109f4365-efe5-4cfb-9209-e93e14b88b1b","richText":true,"expand":true,"isActive":false},"children":[{"data":{"text":"

实体结构

","uid":"21536559-5cf0-4e45-bd98-7a71e98a2da0","richText":true,"expand":true,"isActive":false},"children":[{"data":{"text":"

定义：整体实心的结构

","uid":"8e4b0fe4-0ce0-424e-8d1d-1400fb5a42ca","richText":true,"expand":true,"isActive":false},"children":[{"data":{"text":"

特点：承载力强、自重大

","uid":"dedb880d-1e15-4761-acae-bb9ededabe03","richText":true,"expand":true,"isActive":false},"children":[]},{"data":{"text":"

常考案例：城墙、实心桥墩

","uid":"aeb841b8-5738-4a64-8ef9-7b225abc934b","richText":true,"expand":true,"isActive":false},"children":[]}]}]},{"data":{"text":"

框架结构

","uid":"fd6e2c98-7e6e-4496-b892-09e43d4b6de8","richText":true,"expand":true,"isActive":false},"children":[{"data":{"text":"

定义：杆件连接组成的结构

","uid":"4bbf5379-69e7-43bd-b535-5ba7f520407b","richText":true,"expand":true,"isActive":false},"children":[{"data":{"text":"

特点：省材料、空间利用率高

","uid":"ea52ae46-e68e-4db9-8c7e-5b5d9a640bf3","richText":true,"expand":true,"isActive":false},"children":[]},{"data":{"text":"

常考案例：房屋钢架、折叠伞骨架

","uid":"3e7bbdbb-307f-4a14-9e3f-3e22baf5a10e","richText":true,"expand":true,"isActive":false},"children":[]}]}]},{"data":{"text":"

壳体结构

","uid":"112fd5bf-d019-4567-a92d-f5be0ae3cfee","richText":true,"expand":true,"isActive":false},"children":[{"data":{"text":"

定义：曲面形的薄壁结构

","uid":"ac56926c-c4c6-4ec6-98c8-918b2e063372","richText":true,"expand":true,"isActive":false},"children":[{"data":{"text":"

特点：受力均匀、自重小

","uid":"33141123-1df2-49e4-adb5-deb0bfc0c51e","richText":true,"expand":true,"isActive":false},"children":[]},{"data":{"text":"

常考案例：安全帽、汽车外壳

","uid":"3e71498d-d6c1-49fe-accc-7e2838fbc231","richText":true,"expand":true,"isActive":false},"children":[]}]}]}]}]},{"data":{"text":"

结构的稳定性（Stability，受外力不翻倒的能力）

","uid":"53462f7a-527c-43ed-b150-921edcdea775","richText":true,"expand":true,"isActive":false},"children":[{"data":{"text":"

影响稳定性的三大核心因素

","uid":"55667da5-3d7d-46d9-a5bd-36f2d5ca28c1","richText":true,"expand":true,"isActive":false},"children":[{"data":{"text":"

重心位置高低

","uid":"b7719aca-8f98-4ee0-9402-aa44e60c8e0c","richText":true,"expand":true,"isActive":false},"children":[{"data":{"text":"

重心越低，稳定性越强

","uid":"737e2b8f-b219-40db-87ff-8538cc02201c","richText":true,"expand":true,"isActive":false},"children":[{"data":{"text":"

常考案例：不倒翁底部配重提高稳定性

","uid":"ddffd1bd-e560-4633-8802-5cd2f12f58ac","richText":true,"expand":true,"isActive":false},"children":[]}]}]},{"data":{"text":"

支撑面大小

","uid":"11e229bc-3707-4e82-b515-92865e9faaeb","richText":true,"expand":true,"isActive":false},"children":[{"data":{"text":"

支撑面越大，稳定性越强

","uid":"8d734775-61e3-4acf-ae94-66c638908212","richText":true,"expand":true,"isActive":false},"children":[{"data":{"text":"

注意：支撑面≠接触面，是支撑点围成的面积

","uid":"aeeb0f56-b7da-4566-864d-1f0806a3c830","richText":true,"expand":true,"isActive":false},"children":[]},{"data":{"text":"

常考案例：三脚架张开支撑面更稳

","uid":"3c8a5a49-1f50-40e0-8e71-8ecd0e9dcb37","richText":true,"expand":true,"isActive":false},"children":[]}]}]},{"data":{"text":"

结构形状

","uid":"ce892135-88a7-4399-b39a-7218554e5b08","richText":true,"expand":true,"isActive":false},"children":[{"data":{"text":"

三角形、梯形结构稳定性更强

","uid":"dcd50819-2ebf-4e18-879b-dcf87e0f2d42","richText":true,"expand":true,"isActive":false},"children":[{"data":{"text":"

常考案例：房屋斜拉梁用三角形加固

","uid":"0eb76f35-c8ff-4655-9fd7-cd26d8a80b6e","richText":true,"expand":true,"isActive":false},"children":[]}]}]}]},{"data":{"text":"

稳定性分析答题技巧

","uid":"af5c60a7-bd54-4d30-a156-92cf0e5a4872","richText":true,"expand":true,"isActive":false},"children":[{"data":{"text":"

必须同时结合三个因素逐一分析

","uid":"70fd4028-ed75-4d1a-83f4-bc64f26b1075","richText":true,"expand":true,"isActive":false},"children":[{"data":{"text":"

高考常见设问：说明某结构稳定性好的原因

","uid":"8eb68b94-80cf-4217-8c00-cee785644178","richText":true,"expand":true,"isActive":false},"children":[]}]}]}]},{"data":{"text":"

结构的强度（Strength，抗破坏的能力）

","uid":"6b467542-70b4-4ab8-8aee-d1a0b3aece7e","richText":true,"expand":true,"isActive":false},"children":[{"data":{"text":"

影响强度的三大核心因素

","uid":"3da5cc13-50ed-4390-b6ba-57d59ccddab2","richText":true,"expand":true,"isActive":false},"children":[{"data":{"text":"

材料种类

","uid":"7a837707-4c5a-47a1-9373-0177fc25a859","richText":true,"expand":true,"isActive":false},"children":[{"data":{"text":"

不同材料强度差异大

","uid":"c9ad8230-d713-45e7-8ca3-50c624242100","richText":true,"expand":true,"isActive":false},"children":[{"data":{"text":"

常考对比：钢材强度远高于塑料

","uid":"3129055c-b48b-467b-82ae-801a5ab0ff1c","richText":true,"expand":true,"isActive":false},"children":[]}]}]},{"data":{"text":"

结构形状

","uid":"cece84cd-842b-43f5-85ca-6eeb5556b4ad","richText":true,"expand":true,"isActive":false},"children":[{"data":{"text":"

横截面形状、整体构型影响强度

","uid":"44e546d9-7723-4309-815a-f1165c9286cf","richText":true,"expand":true,"isActive":false},"children":[{"data":{"text":"

常考案例：工字形钢材比同重量实心钢强度高

","uid":"0d74f4fb-f45b-46eb-9347-5f60fa30e9a9","richText":true,"expand":true,"isActive":false},"children":[]}]}]},{"data":{"text":"

连接方式

","uid":"a1dfa3c6-a952-451c-a6c7-660c3bc42bc8","richText":true,"expand":true,"isActive":false},"children":[{"data":{"text":"

铰连接：可相对转动，受弯能力弱

","uid":"bdd7f81e-d918-4627-b9e6-292a16a7e1ac","richText":true,"expand":true,"isActive":false},"children":[]},{"data":{"text":"

刚连接：不可相对转动，整体性强

","uid":"74fedda0-97a0-4a8c-a3a6-c1d9054360c2","richText":true,"expand":true,"isActive":false},"children":[{"data":{"text":"

常考案例：焊接钢架属于刚连接，门和门框的合页属于铰连接

","uid":"d9289653-6b7b-4b85-b864-7a67a4b6ea2d","richText":true,"expand":true,"isActive":false},"children":[]}]}]}]},{"data":{"text":"

强度与稳定性的区分

","uid":"ff0f9c6e-0203-40ef-afd8-2a8d65357826","richText":true,"expand":true,"isActive":false},"children":[{"data":{"text":"

稳定性是抗倾覆，强度是抗断裂/变形

","uid":"fbc95534-99c4-48d5-8553-9ce93b85a5c5","richText":true,"expand":true,"isActive":false},"children":[{"data":{"text":"

易混点区分：凳子腿断了是强度问题，凳子倒了是稳定性问题

","uid":"5556b611-5612-4bb1-a553-6eac5184a4cc","richText":true,"expand":true,"isActive":false},"children":[]}]}]}]},{"data":{"text":"

结构设计与试验

","uid":"cd8a0683-793a-48aa-b39e-0ee73155f96b","richText":true,"expand":true,"isActive":false},"children":[{"data":{"text":"

结构设计的基本要求

","uid":"f6d6fffd-6b74-47b3-927f-ad9c9d4599cd","richText":true,"expand":true,"isActive":false},"children":[{"data":{"text":"

实用、安全、美观、经济、创新

","uid":"c686336d-2f0a-4e3f-aed8-7a10a8e87edc","richText":true,"expand":true,"isActive":false},"children":[{"data":{"text":"

核心优先级：安全＞实用

","uid":"3ce0f803-1c60-472c-bf62-bab77d93abee","richText":true,"expand":true,"isActive":false},"children":[]}]}]},{"data":{"text":"

简易结构试验步骤

","uid":"bcf645e1-8d0a-42ee-ac96-b6522902d533","richText":true,"expand":true,"isActive":false},"children":[{"data":{"text":"

明确试验目的→准备试验器材→进行试验操作→记录试验数据→分析得出结论

","uid":"2116bbd2-7121-40ad-9dfd-6e8f46504d6b","richText":true,"expand":true,"isActive":false},"children":[{"data":{"text":"

常考设问：补全结构试验的缺失步骤

","uid":"84befe0b-b61f-45c3-979f-864dc757e612","richText":true,"expand":true,"isActive":false},"children":[]}]}]}]}]},{"data":{"text":"

模块二流程与设计（占比25%，高频考点）

","uid":"412bb133-c18c-4197-9f2d-d73bda2863b3","richText":true,"expand":true,"isActive":false},"children":[{"data":{"text":"

核心概念：流程（Process，有先后顺序的活动过程）

","uid":"5bfa4ae0-3579-41f8-b058-03aa0470fdbd","richText":true,"expand":true,"isActive":false},"children":[{"data":{"text":"

流程的两大组成要素

","uid":"a9b54b8b-fa58-485c-91fc-d9d720e8cf14","richText":true,"expand":true,"isActive":false},"children":[{"data":{"text":"

环节

","uid":"de88637d-d406-486f-a07a-5b6000680882","richText":true,"expand":true,"isActive":false},"children":[{"data":{"text":"

流程中的每一个步骤

","uid":"7a471f4e-267a-4c9c-8c36-1914ed407431","richText":true,"expand":true,"isActive":false},"children":[{"data":{"text":"

注意：环节可根据需求拆分/合并

","uid":"15f2103d-db77-4f0f-8186-91fe8bf2dbf8","richText":true,"expand":true,"isActive":false},"children":[]}]}]},{"data":{"text":"

时序

","uid":"f5d31ff6-4d7a-4aaf-acd1-4a8a642a7c7f","richText":true,"expand":true,"isActive":false},"children":[{"data":{"text":"

环节的先后顺序

","uid":"383cd697-98d8-4834-b5d1-70cfcf431880","richText":true,"expand":true,"isActive":false},"children":[{"data":{"text":"

可颠倒时序：洗衣服先放洗衣粉还是先放水

","uid":"02c24757-eda7-407e-b5b9-c929710d7055","richText":true,"expand":true,"isActive":false},"children":[]},{"data":{"text":"

不可颠倒时序：先播种后收割、先打针后消毒是错误时序

","uid":"8b1d080d-3f54-4549-87be-36fb98b1dcb2","richText":true,"expand":true,"isActive":false},"children":[]}]}]}]}]},{"data":{"text":"

流程的表达（流程图，高考必考画图题）

","uid":"59187b49-57fb-4841-a966-15e866fcc8d0","richText":true,"expand":true,"isActive":false},"children":[{"data":{"text":"

常用流程图符号

","uid":"75357fcc-90e5-4f94-9455-9dcc0e4fa69e","richText":true,"expand":true,"isActive":false},"children":[{"data":{"text":"

起止框：圆角矩形，表流程开始/结束

","uid":"afe65019-6ad5-4bc0-a892-c7d3ff1c6998","richText":true,"expand":true,"isActive":false},"children":[]},{"data":{"text":"

处理框：矩形，表具体操作环节

","uid":"846e4bca-ffda-4d09-85f3-fde99494eb85","richText":true,"expand":true,"isActive":false},"children":[]},{"data":{"text":"

判断框：菱形，表条件判断分支

","uid":"c9c9bee1-53d3-4a78-a6a8-cc3d8c7a1b1c","richText":true,"expand":true,"isActive":false},"children":[]},{"data":{"text":"

流向线：箭头，表时序方向

","uid":"3f972f60-b1f0-4ee2-8d1e-ff1c765b86e2","richText":true,"expand":true,"isActive":false},"children":[]}]},{"data":{"text":"

画图题得分要点

","uid":"2b8f9145-1ce8-4b34-ae6a-af98e7a9f5f6","richText":true,"expand":true,"isActive":false},"children":[{"data":{"text":"

时序逻辑不能错，符号使用正确，无缺漏环节

","uid":"f0235080-70ad-48eb-bf38-a96235e51c7f","richText":true,"expand":true,"isActive":false},"children":[{"data":{"text":"

常考流程：泡茶流程、组装家具流程、简单加工流程

","uid":"1390c322-454c-4493-9f1d-40ba53c1f854","richText":true,"expand":true,"isActive":false},"children":[]}]}]}]},{"data":{"text":"

流程的优化

","uid":"acaf8416-a101-4d9b-b8a3-26687e028322","richText":true,"expand":true,"isActive":false},"children":[{"data":{"text":"

优化的目的

","uid":"8007e442-7a02-4f93-8dc1-b4020ea1bbb9","richText":true,"expand":true,"isActive":false},"children":[{"data":{"text":"

提高效率、节约成本、降低能耗、保证质量

","uid":"dededcfb-00a7-40fe-9e1a-2124c1aba6a4","richText":true,"expand":true,"isActive":false},"children":[]}]},{"data":{"text":"

优化的常见类型

","uid":"6222c97f-40e9-4e59-a66a-87f3dd587d8e","richText":true,"expand":true,"isActive":false},"children":[{"data":{"text":"

工期优化：缩短总工作时间

","uid":"36ae848c-1740-4bfa-be25-2653008dafb1","richText":true,"expand":true,"isActive":false},"children":[{"data":{"text":"

核心方法：并行环节替代串行环节

","uid":"5df40c4a-33d3-44a3-8823-2416cb3555b2","richText":true,"expand":true,"isActive":false},"children":[{"data":{"text":"

常考案例：做饭时炒菜同时煮饭节省时间

","uid":"02631e8e-38f0-45c6-a30f-209ff3daf06d","richText":true,"expand":true,"isActive":false},"children":[]}]}]},{"data":{"text":"

成本优化：减少投入成本

","uid":"f3c0698d-d778-43f4-8ebf-483fa5605bfe","richText":true,"expand":true,"isActive":false},"children":[]},{"data":{"text":"

质量优化：提高最终产出质量

","uid":"4491ff03-8552-4c28-bcb6-f54c4eb326cc","richText":true,"expand":true,"isActive":false},"children":[]},{"data":{"text":"

技术优化：引入新技术升级流程

","uid":"e71f7485-56c1-477f-9ecb-be67235450c7","richText":true,"expand":true,"isActive":false},"children":[]}]},{"data":{"text":"

流程优化的条件

","uid":"be55b5bb-89f5-4094-84df-78b59ec2bd8b","richText":true,"expand":true,"isActive":false},"children":[{"data":{"text":"

技术条件、资源条件、人员条件满足需求

","uid":"d63cfdb9-1737-4843-812d-496126a5774e","richText":true,"expand":true,"isActive":false},"children":[{"data":{"text":"

易混点：不是所有流程都可以随意优化，需符合客观规律

","uid":"bffb65b5-3387-4df9-9023-c8f4aef61889","richText":true,"expand":true,"isActive":false},"children":[]}]}]}]}]},{"data":{"text":"

模块三系统与设计（占比25%，高频考点）

","uid":"276b69a2-94e6-4584-a385-6cbaeb329643","richText":true,"expand":true,"isActive":false},"children":[{"data":{"text":"

核心概念：系统（System，相互作用的要素组成的整体）

","uid":"59d36a6f-14e8-421e-88e5-26751a18e37d","richText":true,"expand":true,"isActive":false},"children":[{"data":{"text":"

系统的三大构成条件

","uid":"d3a18a93-4673-4747-890f-33aff5425e2f","richText":true,"expand":true,"isActive":false},"children":[{"data":{"text":"

至少两个及以上要素组成

","uid":"c4495834-982d-453a-93be-d648d38179d5","richText":true,"expand":true,"isActive":false},"children":[]},{"data":{"text":"

要素之间相互联系、相互作用

","uid":"cd3f2d0d-ed64-4245-8cf8-be0b067743b5","richText":true,"expand":true,"isActive":false},"children":[]},{"data":{"text":"

整体具有要素没有的新功能

","uid":"2c6759b9-d5f1-4633-a2f9-523254f2ae64","richText":true,"expand":true,"isActive":false},"children":[{"data":{"text":"

常考案例：自行车是系统，单个轮胎不是系统

","uid":"6c4f8268-4312-4fa5-9145-ea695756b3b8","richText":true,"expand":true,"isActive":false},"children":[]}]}]},{"data":{"text":"

系统的基本特性（高考选择题必考）

","uid":"8f5d4911-b559-41d2-bebb-36ae78ef03f6","richText":true,"expand":true,"isActive":false},"children":[{"data":{"text":"

整体性（核心特性）

","uid":"298daff6-a3d2-443a-ba32-2d49ee83d96c","richText":true,"expand":true,"isActive":false},"children":[{"data":{"text":"

整体功能大于部分功能之和，部分影响整体

","uid":"9684e399-e4cc-4b92-b7c1-acf90f99d002","richText":true,"expand":true,"isActive":false},"children":[{"data":{"text":"

常考案例：木桶短板效应、三个和尚没水喝

","uid":"bdf9419f-f4a8-4920-b94c-f91e78c9919f","richText":true,"expand":true,"isActive":false},"children":[]}]}]},{"data":{"text":"

目的性

","uid":"68879429-1c38-4e5f-aeff-b7ecd50a3506","richText":true,"expand":true,"isActive":false},"children":[{"data":{"text":"

系统存在是为了实现特定功能

","uid":"3c96fecd-37db-4b2d-9ee8-20b9eb213b0d","richText":true,"expand":true,"isActive":false},"children":[{"data":{"text":"

常考案例：照明系统的目的是提供照明

","uid":"3efda9e0-338b-42bf-bcb2-71c9b0017100","richText":true,"expand":true,"isActive":false},"children":[]}]}]},{"data":{"text":"

海量思维导图模板，一键套用

通用技术必修二（高考版）

通用技术必修一高考考点