冠词

AAI脑图#739642026-03-26 08:44
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考向一:冠词的分类

不定冠词 a / an 的使用规则

  • a 用于辅音音素开头的词前
    • a useful animal(/ˈjuːsfl/,以/j/辅音音素开头)
    • a university in Asia(/ˌjuːnɪˈvɜːrsəti/,以/j/开头)
    • a European country(/ˌjʊrəˈpiːən/,以/j/开头)
    • a one-window hall(/wʌn/,以/w/开头)
  • an 用于元音音素开头的词前
    • an ugly man(/ˈʌɡli/,以/ʌ/元音开头)
    • an unfinished task(/ʌnˈfɪnɪʃt/,以/ʌ/开头)
    • an hour and a half(/aʊər/,h不发音,以/aʊ/开头)
    • an honest person(/ˈɒnɪst/,h不发音,以/ɒ/开头)

考向二:冠词的基本用法

不定冠词的3种基本用法

  • 类指:表示某类中的任一个
  • 泛指:首次提及,表不确定
  • 量指:表示“一”,但弱于one
    • I watch TV for two or three hours a day.

不定冠词的考点活用

  • 抽象名词具体化(表“一件...的事”或“一个...的人”)
    • a great surprise, a success, a beauty
  • 序数词前表“再一,又一”
    • a third man stood up
  • 一日三餐/专有名词有形容词修饰时
    • bring a packed lunch
  • 独一无二事物有修饰语时
    • a peaceful world
  • 价格、数量、速率等(= per/each)
    • fifty miles an hour
  • 物质名词前表“一场/一杯/一种”
    • a heavy rain

不定冠词的习惯搭配

  • 固定短语
    • as a result, in a hurry, make a living
    • keep an eye on, pay a visit to, have a try
    • all of a sudden, do sb a favor, catch a cold
    • take an interest in, have a good time, once upon a time
    • have a gift for, go on a diet, get a ride
    • in a... manner, for a while, have a knowledge of

定冠词的4种基本用法

  • 特指:双方已知或上文提及
    • Do you know the man...? / The university was set up...
  • 独一无二事物
    • the earth, the sun
  • 序数词与最高级前
    • the richest countries/the first time
  • 乐器前(演奏义),中国乐器除外
    • play the piano(但不说 play the erhu)

定冠词的考点活用

  • 姓氏复数表一家人;形容词/分词前表一类人
    • the Greens, the rich, the wounded
  • 逢十的年代
    • in the 1990's
  • 单位名词前(表计量)
    • by the hour, by the week
  • 身体部位前(表动作对象)
    • took her by the arm
  • 与比较级连用
    • the more... the happier...(越…越…)
    • the taller of the two(两者中较…者)

定冠词的习惯搭配

  • 固定短语
    • on the contrary, in the end, on the spot
    • at the moment, in the countryside, go to the cinema
    • in the distance, in the future, in the open air
    • on the left/right, in the middle of, by the way
    • for the time being, at the top of, in the long run

考向三:不用冠词的情况

零冠词的4种基本用法

  • 不可数/复数名词表泛指
    • Teachers are badly needed...
  • 专有名词、人名、地名、物质/抽象名词
    • He is living in Canada.
  • 时间名词:季节、月份、星期、节日、三餐
    • have breakfast at 7 o'clock
  • 学科、球类、棋类前
    • play football(但 play the piano)

零冠词的考点活用

  • turn 后作表语的单数名词
    • turned teacher(≠ became a teacher)
  • “零冠词 + 单数名词 + as/though...”倒装让步
    • Hero as he is...
  • no such + 名词(无冠词)
    • no such thing as a free lunch

零冠词的习惯搭配

  • 固定短语
    • at present, take part in, in peace
    • by chance, on purpose, lose heart
    • out of control, in danger, at risk
    • day and night, face to face, on foot
    • from morning till night, catch fire, in debt

有定冠词 vs 无定冠词短语的区别

  • 意义差异对比
    • sit at table(吃饭) vs sit at the table(坐在桌旁)
    • at school(上学) vs at the school(在学校场所)
    • in hospital(住院) vs in the hospital(在医院)
    • by sea(乘船) vs by the sea(在海边)
    • in front of(外部前面) vs in the front of(内部前面)
    • out of question(没问题) vs out of the question(不可能)
    • in charge of(掌管) vs in the charge of(被掌管)
    • take place(发生) vs take the place of(代替)

考向四:冠词的位置

一般位置

  • 冠词位于名词或名词短语最前
    • China is a beautiful Asian country.

特殊结构中的位置

  • as/so... as... 结构
    • not so smart a girl
  • so... that... 结构
    • so difficult a question
  • such... that... 结构
    • such a good boy
  • too... to... 结构
    • too young a girl
  • 形容词修饰语影响位置
    • quite a good job(a 在 quite 后)
    • a very interesting book(a 在 very 前)
  • 数量词修饰时
    • Both the parents...

感叹句中的位置

  • what 引导
    • What an exciting piece of news!
  • how 引导
    • How timely a rain!