冠词
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考向一:冠词的分类
不定冠词 a / an 的使用规则
- a 用于辅音音素开头的词前
- a useful animal(/ˈjuːsfl/,以/j/辅音音素开头)
- a university in Asia(/ˌjuːnɪˈvɜːrsəti/,以/j/开头)
- a European country(/ˌjʊrəˈpiːən/,以/j/开头)
- a one-window hall(/wʌn/,以/w/开头)
- an 用于元音音素开头的词前
- an ugly man(/ˈʌɡli/,以/ʌ/元音开头)
- an unfinished task(/ʌnˈfɪnɪʃt/,以/ʌ/开头)
- an hour and a half(/aʊər/,h不发音,以/aʊ/开头)
- an honest person(/ˈɒnɪst/,h不发音,以/ɒ/开头)
考向二:冠词的基本用法
不定冠词的3种基本用法
- 类指:表示某类中的任一个
- 泛指:首次提及,表不确定
- 量指:表示“一”,但弱于one
- I watch TV for two or three hours a day.
不定冠词的考点活用
- 抽象名词具体化(表“一件...的事”或“一个...的人”)
- a great surprise, a success, a beauty
- 序数词前表“再一,又一”
- a third man stood up
- 一日三餐/专有名词有形容词修饰时
- bring a packed lunch
- 独一无二事物有修饰语时
- a peaceful world
- 价格、数量、速率等(= per/each)
- fifty miles an hour
- 物质名词前表“一场/一杯/一种”
- a heavy rain
不定冠词的习惯搭配
- 固定短语
- as a result, in a hurry, make a living
- keep an eye on, pay a visit to, have a try
- all of a sudden, do sb a favor, catch a cold
- take an interest in, have a good time, once upon a time
- have a gift for, go on a diet, get a ride
- in a... manner, for a while, have a knowledge of
定冠词的4种基本用法
- 特指:双方已知或上文提及
- Do you know the man...? / The university was set up...
- 独一无二事物
- the earth, the sun
- 序数词与最高级前
- the richest countries/the first time
- 乐器前(演奏义),中国乐器除外
- play the piano(但不说 play the erhu)
定冠词的考点活用
- 姓氏复数表一家人;形容词/分词前表一类人
- the Greens, the rich, the wounded
- 逢十的年代
- in the 1990's
- 单位名词前(表计量)
- by the hour, by the week
- 身体部位前(表动作对象)
- took her by the arm
- 与比较级连用
- the more... the happier...(越…越…)
- the taller of the two(两者中较…者)
定冠词的习惯搭配
- 固定短语
- on the contrary, in the end, on the spot
- at the moment, in the countryside, go to the cinema
- in the distance, in the future, in the open air
- on the left/right, in the middle of, by the way
- for the time being, at the top of, in the long run
考向三:不用冠词的情况
零冠词的4种基本用法
- 不可数/复数名词表泛指
- Teachers are badly needed...
- 专有名词、人名、地名、物质/抽象名词
- He is living in Canada.
- 时间名词:季节、月份、星期、节日、三餐
- have breakfast at 7 o'clock
- 学科、球类、棋类前
- play football(但 play the piano)
零冠词的考点活用
- turn 后作表语的单数名词
- turned teacher(≠ became a teacher)
- “零冠词 + 单数名词 + as/though...”倒装让步
- Hero as he is...
- no such + 名词(无冠词)
- no such thing as a free lunch
零冠词的习惯搭配
- 固定短语
- at present, take part in, in peace
- by chance, on purpose, lose heart
- out of control, in danger, at risk
- day and night, face to face, on foot
- from morning till night, catch fire, in debt
有定冠词 vs 无定冠词短语的区别
- 意义差异对比
- sit at table(吃饭) vs sit at the table(坐在桌旁)
- at school(上学) vs at the school(在学校场所)
- in hospital(住院) vs in the hospital(在医院)
- by sea(乘船) vs by the sea(在海边)
- in front of(外部前面) vs in the front of(内部前面)
- out of question(没问题) vs out of the question(不可能)
- in charge of(掌管) vs in the charge of(被掌管)
- take place(发生) vs take the place of(代替)
考向四:冠词的位置
一般位置
- 冠词位于名词或名词短语最前
- China is a beautiful Asian country.
特殊结构中的位置
- as/so... as... 结构
- not so smart a girl
- so... that... 结构
- so difficult a question
- such... that... 结构
- such a good boy
- too... to... 结构
- too young a girl
- 形容词修饰语影响位置
- quite a good job(a 在 quite 后)
- a very interesting book(a 在 very 前)
- 数量词修饰时
- Both the parents...
感叹句中的位置
- what 引导
- What an exciting piece of news!
- how 引导
- How timely a rain!
